business feasibility study

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN............................................................................   ii

KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................   iii  

DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................   v

DAFTAR TABEL...........................................................................................   xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR......................................................................................   xiv

BAB   I  PENDAHULUAN ...........................................................................   1

1.1.      Latar Belakang Studi.................................................................   1

1.2.      Ruang Lingkup Studi  ..............................................................   3

1.2.1        Aspek Manajemen Bisnis...............................................   3

1.2.2        Aspek Pemasaran ..........................................................   4

1.2.3        Aspek Manajemen Operasional.....................................   5

1.2.4        Aspek Sumber Daya Manusia........................................   5

1.2.5        Aspek Keuangan............................................................   6

1.2.6        Aspek Yuridis................................................................   6

1.2.7        Aspek Lingkungan ........................................................   7

1.3.      Maksud dan Tujuan Studi Kelayakan Bisnis.............................   7

1.3.1    Maksud Studi Kelayakan Bisnis ...................................   7

1.3.2    Tujuan Studi Kelayakan Bisnis .....................................   7

1.4.      Kegunaan Studi Kelayakan Bisnis ...........................................   8

1.5.      Lokasi Penelitian dan Waktu Penelitian ...................................   8

1.5.1    Lokasi Penelitian ...........................................................   8

1.5.2    Waktu Penelitian ...........................................................   9

BAB  II  PENGUMPULAN DAN PENGOLAHAN DATA....................... 10

               2.1.   Aspek Manajemen Bisnis........................................................... 10

                        2.1.1 Perencanaan (Planning).................................................... 10

                                 2.1.1.1 Visi Perusahaan..................................................... 10

                                  2.1.1.2 Misi Perusahaan................................................... 11

                                  2.1.1.3 Perencanaan Strategis dan Operasional............... 11

                        2.1.2 Pengorganisasian (Organizing)......................................... 11

                                 2.1.2.1 Struktur Organisasi............................................... 12

                                 2.1.2.2 Job Description ....................................................  13

                        2.1.3 Pelaksanaan (Actuating).................................................... 14

                                 2.1.3.1Tipe Kepemimpinan............................................... 14

                        2.1.4 Pengawasan (Controlling)................................................. 14

2.2.   Aspek Pemasaran ......................................................................  13

2.2.1... Analisis Pasar................................................................. 15

2.2.1.1 Perbandingan Kapasitas Produksi..................... 15

2.2.1.2 Perbandingan Kapasitas Permintaan.................. 19

2.2.1.3 Pangsa Pasar (Market Share)............................. 22

2.2.2... Komponen Strategi Pemasaran .....................................  24

2.2.2.1 Segmentation...................................................... 24

2.2.2.2 Targeting............................................................ 25

2.2.2.3 Positioning......................................................... 26

2.2.3... Komponen Taktik Pemasaran .......................................  26

2.2.3.1    Differensiasi ...................................................  26

2.2.3.2    Marketing Mix (4P) ........................................  27

2.2.4.   Komponen Value ..........................................................  29

2.2.4.1    Brand (Merek)................................................. 29

2.2.4.2    Service (Pelayanan)......................................... 29

2.3       Aspek Manajemen Operasional.................................................. 29

2.3.1    Deskripsi dan Desain Produk .......................................  29

2.3.2    Efisiensi Produk ............................................................  30

2.3.3    Proses Produksi .............................................................  32

2.3.4    Gant Chart ....................................................................  35

2.3.5    Peta Proses Operasi .......................................................  36

2.3.6    Peta Aliran Proses .........................................................  37

2.3.7    Diagram Aliran .............................................................  38

2.3.8    Pemilihan Teknologi .....................................................  39

2.3.9    Penentuan Lokasi dan Lay Out Pabrik/Perusahaan .....  40

2.3.9.1    Lokasi.............................................................. 40

2.3.9.2    Lay Out Pabrik/Perusahaan............................. 41

               2.4.   Aspek Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) .....................................  42

2.4.1. Sumber Tenaga Kerja ....................................................  42

2.4.2. Sistem Rekruitmen dan Seleksi Karyawan ....................  42

2.4.3. Sistem Kompensasi dan Jumlah Karyawan ...................  43

2.4.4. Pelatihan dan Pengembangan ........................................  43

2.5.   Aspek  Keuangan..................................................................... 43

2.5 .1.  Sumber Dana ...............................................................  43

2.5.2.   Kebutuhan Modal ........................................................  43

2.5.2.1    Modal Investasi ............................................  43

2.5.2.2    Modal Kerja Operasional ..............................  49

2.5.3.   Perhitungan Depresiasi dan Amortasi .........................  50

2.5.4.   Perhitungan Harga Pokok ............................................  52

            2.5.4.1 Harga Pokok Produksi...................................... 52

            2.5.4.2 Harga Pokok Penjualan.................................... 53

            2.5.4.3 Perhitungan Laporan Laba Rugi........................ 54

            2.5.4.4 Perhitungan Neraca.......................................... 55

            2.5.4.5 Perhitungan Neraca Perbandingan................... 58

            2.5.4.6 Perhitungan Cash Flow.................................... 60

2.6.   Aspek Yuridis........................................................................... 61

2.6.1    Bentuk Badan Hukum .................................................  61

2.6.2    Surat Izin Usaha ..........................................................  61

2.6.3    Identitas Pemilik ..........................................................  61

2.6.4.   Bidang Usaha ..............................................................  62

2.7.Aspek Lingkungan .....................................................................  62

2.7.1. Lingkungan Sosial dan Politik .......................................  62

2.7.2  Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan .......................  62

2.7.2.1    Dampak Eksistensi Perusahaan .......................  62

2.7.2.2    Hambatan Lingkungan dan Cara Mengatasinya 62

BAB III ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN ................................................  65

               3.1.   Aspek Manajemen Bisnis........................................................... 65

                        3.1.1 Perencanaan (Planning).................................................... 65

                                 3.1.1.1 Visi Perusahaan..................................................... 66

                                  3.1.1.2 Misi Perusahaan................................................... 66

                                  3.1.1.3 Perencanaan Strategis dan Operasional............... 66

                        3.1.2 Pengorganisasian (Organizing)......................................... 67

                                 3.1.2.1 Struktur Organisasi............................................... 67

                                 3.1.2.2 Job Description ....................................................  68

                        3.1.3 Pelaksanaan (Actuating).................................................... 69

                                 3.1.3.1 Sistem Komunikasi............................................... 69

                                 3.1.3.2 Tipe Kepemimpinan.............................................. 69

                        3.1.4 Pengawasan (Controlling)................................................. 70

3.2.   Aspek Pemasaran ......................................................................  70

3.2.1... Analisis Pasar................................................................. 70

3.2.1.1 Perbandingan Kapasitas Produksi..................... 71

3.2.1.2 Perbandingan Kapasitas Permintaan.................. 73

3.2.1.3 Market Share...................................................... 75

3.2.2... Komponen Strategi Pemasaran .....................................  76

3.2.2.1 Segmentation...................................................... 76

3.2.2.2 Targeting............................................................ 76

3.2.2.3 Positioning......................................................... 77

3.2.3... Komponen Taktik Pemasaran .......................................  78

3.2.3.1    Differensiasi ...................................................  78

3.2.3.2    Marketing Mix (4P) ........................................  79

3.2.4.   Komponen Value ..........................................................  80

3.2.4.1  Brand (Merek).................................................. 80

3.2.4.2  Service (Pelayanan).......................................... 80

3.3    Aspek Manajemen Operasional................................................. 80

3.3.1    Deskripsi dan Desain Produk .......................................  80

3.3.2    Efisiensi Produk ............................................................  81

3.3.3    Proses Produksi .............................................................  83

3.3.4    Gant Chart ....................................................................  84

3.3.5    Peta Proses Operasi .......................................................  86

3.3.6    Peta Aliran Proses .........................................................  87

3.3.7    Diagram Aliran .............................................................  88

3.3.8    Pemilihan Teknologi .....................................................  89

3.3.9    Penentuan Lokasi dan Lay Out Pabrik/Perusahaan ......  90

3.3.9.1  Lokasi............................................................... 90

3.3.9.2  Lay Out Pabrik/Perusahaan.............................. 91

               3.4.   Aspek Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) ......................................  92

3.4.1. Sumber Tenaga Kerja ......................................................  92

3.4.2. Sistem Rekruitmen dan Seleksi Karyawan .....................  93

3.4.3. Sistem Kompensasi dan Jumlah Karyawan ....................  93

3.4.4. Pelatihan dan Pengembangan .........................................  94

3.5   Aspek  Keuangan........................................................................ 94

3.5 .1.  Sumber Dana ................................................................  94

3.5.2.   Kebutuhan Dana ...........................................................  95

3.5.2.1    Modal Investasi .............................................  95

3.5.3.   Perhitungan Depresiasi dan Amortasi ...........................  100

3.5.4.   Perhitungan Harga Pokok .............................................  103

            3.5.4.1 Harga Pokok Produksi....................................... 103

            3.5.4.2 Harga Pokok Penjualan...................................... 104

3.5.5.      Rencana Pinjaman dan Pengembalian........................... 105

3.5.5.1    Rencana Pinjaman............................................. 105

3.5.5.2    Rencana Pengembalian..................................... 105

3.5.6.   Perhitungan Proyeksi Penjualan..................................... 105

3.5.7.      Perhitungan Proyeksi Biaya........................................... 106

3.5.8.      Perhitungan Proyeksi Laba/Rugi................................... 107

3.5.9.      Perhitungan Proyeksi Neraca......................................... 109

3.5.10.  Perhitungan Titik Peluang Pokok.................................. 112

3.5.11.  Perhitungan Proyeksi Arus Kas..................................... 113

3.5.12.  Perhitungan Financial Ratio.......................................... 115

2.5.12.1    Perhitungan Rasio Liquiditas.......................... 115

2.5.12.2    Perhitungan Rasio Solvabilitas....................... 116

2.5.12.3    Perhitungan Rasio Profitabilitas..................... 117

2.5.12.4    Perhitungan Rasio Aktivitas........................... 119

3.5.13.  Analisa Kelayakan Investasi.......................................... 120

3.5.13.1    Perhitungan Pay Back Periode (PBP)............ 121

3.5.13.2    Perhitungan Profitability Index (PI)................ 122

3.5.13.3    Perhitungan NPV.............................................123

3.5.13.4    Perhitungan IRR..............................................124

3.6.   Aspek Yuridis........................................................................... .. 125

3.6.1    Bentuk Badan Usaha ................................................... .. 125

3.6.2    Surat Izin Usaha .......................................................... .. 126

3.6.3    Identitas Pemilik .......................................................... .. 126

3.6.4.      Bidang Usaha .............................................................. .. 126

3.7.      Aspek Lingkungan .................................................................. .. 126

3.7.1. Lingkungan Sosial dan Politik ....................................... .. 126

3.7.2  Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan ....................... .. 126

3.7.2.1    Dampak Eksistensi Perusahaan ....................... .. 127

3.7.2.2    Hambatan Lingkungan dan Cara Mengatasinya 127

BAB IV ANALISIS SWOT ...........................................................................   128

4.1.      Deskripsi SWOT Perusahaan (Yang diteliti) ............................   130

4.1.1    Deskripsi SWOT Aspek Manajemen Bisnis..................   130

4.1.2.   Deskripsi SWOT Aspek Pemasaran ..............................   131

4.1.3 .. Deskripsi SWOT Aspek Manajemen Operasional ........   133

4.1.4... Deskripsi SWOT Aspek Sumber Daya Manusia........... 134

4.1.5    Deskripsi SWOT Aspek Keuangan................................ 135

4.1.6... Deskripsi SWOT Aspek Yuridis ...................................   136

4.1.7... Deskripsi SWOT Aspek Lingkungan............................ 137

4.1.8... Deskripsi SWOT SWOT Total..................................... 138

      4.2.    Analisis SWOT Perusahaan (Yang diteliti).............................. 143

4.3.    Deskripsi  SWOT Perusahaan Pesaing.................................... 144

4.3.1... Deskripsi SWOT Aspek Manajemen Bisnis................. 144

4.3.2... Deskripsi SWOT Aspek Pemasaran ............................ 144

4.3.3    Deskripsi SWOT Aspek Manajemen Operasional ....... 145

4.3.4    Deskripsi SWOT Aspek Sumber Daya Manusia.......... 145

4.3.5    Deskripsi SWOT Aspek Keungan................................ 146

4.3.6    Deskripsi SWOT Aspek Yuridis.................................. 147

4.3.7    Deskripsi SWOT Aspek Lingkungan .......................... 147

4.3.8    Deskripsi SWOT Total ................................................ 148

4.4.   Analisis SWOT Perusahaan Pesaing......................................... 151

BAB V  PENUTUP........................................................................................ 152

5.1... Kesimpulan .............................................................................. 152

5.2... Saran ........................................................................................ 154

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................... xv

GLOSARRY.................................................................................................... xvi

LAMPIRAN.................................................................................................... xvii

DAFTAR TABEL

                                                                                                               Halaman

1.1      Jadwal Penelitian...................................................................................... 9

2.1        Perbandingan kapasitas produksi Perusahaan dan Pesaing..................... 16

2.2        Peramalan Kapasitas Produksi Lela Dodol Garut................................... 17

2.3        Nilai a dan b Perusahaan Lela................................................................. 17

2.4        Peramalan Kapasitas Produksi Perusahaan Anugerah............................. 18

2.5        Nilai a dan b Perusahaan Anugerah......................................................... 18

2.6        Perbandingan Kapasitas Produksi dan Permintaan ................................ 19

2.7        Perbandingan Kapasitas Permintaan Perusahaan dengan Pesaing.......... 19

2.8        Peramalan Permintaan Perusahaan Lela.................................................. 20

2.9        Nilai a dan b Perusahaan Lela................................................................. 21

2.10    Peramalan Permintaan Perusahaan Anugerah.......................................... 21

2.11    Nilai a dan b Perusahaan Anugerah......................................................... 22

2.12    Perbandingan Permintaan Perusahaan Lela dan pesaing......................... 23

2.13    Market SharePotensial Perusahaan Lela.................................................. 23

2.14    Peramalan Permintaan Pasar.................................................................... 24

2.15    Nilai a dan b Permintaan Pasar................................................................ 24

2.16    Target per Jam......................................................................................... 31

2.17    Realisasi per Jam...................................................................................... 31

2.18    Efesiensi.................................................................................................. 32

2.19    Gant Chart............................................................................................... 35

2.20    Daftar Peralatan dan Perlengkapan Produksi.......................................... 39

2.21    Modal Investasi....................................................................................... 48

2.22    Modal Kerja Operasional......................................................................... 49

2.23    Perhitungan Depresiasi Tahun 2011........................................................ 51

2.24    Perhitungan Amortisasi........................................................................... 51

2.25    Neraca Perbandingan............................................................................... 58

3.1  Peramalan Kapasitas Produksi.................................................................... 71

3.2  Peramalan Kapasitas Produksi Perusahaan Anugerah................................ 72

3.3  Perbandingan Peramalan Kapasitas Produksi............................................. 72

3.4  Perbandingan Kapasitas Produksi dan Permintaan..................................... 73

3.5  Peramalan Permintaan Perusahaan Lela...................................................... 75

3.6  Peramalan Permintaan Perusahaan Anugerah............................................. 74

3.7  Perbandingan Peramalan Kapasitas Permintaan.......................................... 74

3.8  Peramalan Permintaan Pasar........................................................................ 75

3.9  Peramalan Market Share.............................................................................. 75